Vitamin B12, important in human nutrition
For the vitamin B12, also referred to by the name cobalamin, the current Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) in the United States for adults is 2.4 micrograms (mcg) per day and in Europe it is set at just 1 mcg per day, although there have been science based recommendations that the European RDA be raised to 6 mcg daily. The RDA’s are the minimum amount of the vitamin needed to prevent deficiencies occurring.
Considering the relatively small recommended dietary intake established for vitamin B-12, it may seem surprising that deficiencies would occur at all in human beings. However, studies in the United States have determined that 30 to 40% of Americans are at least partially suffering from vitamin B12 deficiencies that are masked, to some extent, by other existing disease conditions and therefore go unnoticed.
A major illness that can be caused by vitamin B12 deficiency is anemia, a condition that could be fatal before knowledge of foods that contained a substance later identified as the B12 vitamin. A severe form of anemia, known as pernicious anemia, inevitably led to death until the late 1920′s when physicians realized how it could be reversed and it was not until about 20 years later that the molecule of the B12 vitamin was finally identified. There are still parts of the world where pernicious anemia exists because of famine and malnutrition.
Vegans and B12
Unlike animals, humans cannot make vitamin B12 but must depend on foods from animal sources to do so. Also, most plants do not produce the vitamin either. So the non meat eating vegetarians and especially vegans, who do not eat dairy products, meat, fish, or eggs, are potentially prone to B12 deficiencies. To rectify that situation there are relatively inexpensive B 12 and other B vitamin supplements available from health food stores and most pharmacies.
Fortunately, the body of a healthy person can store, for more than a year, ample amounts of vitamin B12, mainly in their liver. Although as a person ages, it appears that they are less able to do so and a vitamin B12 deficiency may occur that is manifested by an impaired cognitive function. However, it is encouraging to note that in a scientific study involving a number of dementia patients in which it was shown them as being deficient in their vitamin B12 levels, most of them improved significantly in their mental capacity and IQ when given a B12 boost. Unfortunately, as is often the case, other studies in which B vitamins were given to patients with memory loss concluded that the B vitamins provided no relief and the study was abandoned after 18 months. More on this topic is available at B12 Deficiency Syndrome.
In conclusion
The vitamin B12, working with the other B vitamins, called as a group, the B Complex vitamins, plays an important role in maintaining a state of good health in human beings and help to minimize the risks posed by the poor dietary routines that are common in America today.
Once derided by some doctors as a waste of money, vitamins merit a place in some instances. For general prevention of a number of possible deficiencies that could lead to disease conditions, many doctors are recommending an every day multi-vitamin supplement that normally contain sufficient amounts of the B complex vitamins. By lowering the risks of heart disease and perhaps cognitive dysfunction, it seems that B12 and the other B vitamins are a worthwhile consideration.
For a general discussion on vitamins, check out: What are Vitamins Anyway?